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Ephrem enumerates the books and divinatory practices of his time, which are also well known from the ancient Mesopotamia. The same practices are hinted at in the other contemporary sources as well.
Ephrem Syrus, Hymns against Heresies 1.14: (Involuntary) movements of the body parts, divination concerning the (appropriate) times, the books - the Book of Thunder; another, the Book of Secrets, the Book of the Troops (of Ghosts, sfar ṭulqē), (the Book) of Zodiacal Signs.
pseudo-Justin Martyr, Quaestiones et Responsiones 29: Wenn die Divination aus den unwillkürlichen Bewegungen der Glieder zu den von den Frommen verbotenen Dingen gehört, warum vermögen sie die Frommen trotz aller Anstrengung nicht zu beseitigen?
Julian Novel (Syriac): Und der Zauberer schlug das Zauberbuch (sfar ṭulqē) auf, in welchem die Namen aller bösen Geister stehen.
Sources (list of abbreviations)
Ephrem Syrus, Hymns against Heresies 1.14
Julian Novel (Syriac)
pseudo-Justin Martyr, Quaestiones et Responsiones 29
Bibliography
Beck 1957, 5 | Beck, Edmund. Des Heiligen Ephraem des Syrers Hymnen contra Haereses. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 170. Leuven: Durbecq 1957. |
Amar Annus
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